rfc9598.original.xml   rfc9598.xml 
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE rfc [ <!DOCTYPE rfc [
<!ENTITY nbsp "&#160;"> <!ENTITY nbsp "&#160;">
<!ENTITY zwsp "&#8203;"> <!ENTITY zwsp "&#8203;">
<!ENTITY nbhy "&#8209;"> <!ENTITY nbhy "&#8209;">
<!ENTITY wj "&#8288;"> <!ENTITY wj "&#8288;">
]> ]>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="rfc2629.xslt" ?>
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) --> -ietf-lamps-rfc8398bis-05" number="9598" category="std" consensus="true" submiss
<rfc xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" ipr="trust200902" docName="draft ionType="IETF" obsoletes="8398" updates="5280" tocInclude="true" sortRefs="true"
-ietf-lamps-rfc8398bis-05" category="std" consensus="true" submissionType="IETF" symRefs="true" version="3" xml:lang="en">
obsoletes="8398" updates="5280" tocInclude="true" sortRefs="true" symRefs="true
" version="3">
<!-- xml2rfc v2v3 conversion 3.19.2 -->
<front> <front>
<title abbrev="I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 Certificates">Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 Certificates</title> <title abbrev="I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 Certificates">Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 Certificates</title>
<seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-lamps-rfc8398bis-05"/> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9598"/>
<author fullname="Alexey Melnikov"> <author fullname="Alexey Melnikov">
<organization>Isode Ltd</organization> <organization>Isode Ltd</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
<street>14 Castle Mews</street> <street>14 Castle Mews</street>
<city>Hampton</city> <city>Hampton, Middlesex</city>
<region>Middlesex</region>
<code>TW12 2NP</code> <code>TW12 2NP</code>
<country>United Kingdom</country> <country>United Kingdom</country>
</postal> </postal>
<email>Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com</email> <email>Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<author fullname="Wei Chuang"> <author fullname="Wei Chuang">
<organization>Google, Inc.</organization> <organization>Google, Inc.</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
skipping to change at line 51 skipping to change at line 50
<organization>DigiCert</organization> <organization>DigiCert</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
<city>Pittsburgh</city> <city>Pittsburgh</city>
<region>PA</region> <region>PA</region>
<country>United States of America</country> <country>United States of America</country>
</postal> </postal>
<email>corey.bonnell@digicert.com</email> <email>corey.bonnell@digicert.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<date year="2024" month="February" day="13"/> <date year="2024" month="May"/>
<area>Security</area>
<area>SEC</area>
<workgroup>lamps</workgroup>
<keyword>EAI</keyword> <keyword>EAI</keyword>
<keyword>PKIX</keyword> <keyword>PKIX</keyword>
<keyword>email address</keyword> <keyword>email address</keyword>
<abstract> <abstract>
<?line 75?>
<t>This document defines a new name form for inclusion in the otherName <t>This document defines a new name form for inclusion in the otherName
field of an X.509 Subject Alternative Name and Issuer Alternative field of an X.509 Subject Alternative Name and Issuer Alternative
Name extension that allows a certificate subject to be associated Name extension that allows a certificate subject to be associated
with an internationalized email address.</t> with an internationalized email address.</t>
<t>This document updates RFC 5280 and obsoletes RFC 8398.</t> <t>This document updates RFC 5280 and obsoletes RFC 8398.</t>
</abstract> </abstract>
<note removeInRFC="true">
<name>About This Document</name>
<t>
The latest revision of this draft can be found at <eref target="https://
CBonnell.github.io/draft-lamps-rfc8398-bis/draft-bonnell-lamps-rfc8398bis.html"/
>.
Status information for this document may be found at <eref target="https
://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lamps-rfc8398bis/"/>.
</t>
<t>
Discussion of this document takes place on the
Limited Additional Mechanisms for PKIX and SMIME (lamps) Working Group m
ailing list (<eref target="mailto:spasm@ietf.org"/>),
which is archived at <eref target="https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/bro
wse/spasm/"/>.
Subscribe at <eref target="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/spasm/"
/>.
</t>
<t>Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
<eref target="https://github.com/CBonnell/draft-lamps-rfc8398-bis"/>.</t
>
</note>
</front> </front>
<middle> <middle>
<?line 84?>
<section anchor="introduction"> <section anchor="introduction">
<name>Introduction</name> <name>Introduction</name>
<t><xref target="RFC5280"/> defines the rfc822Name subjectAltName name typ e for <t><xref target="RFC5280"/> defines the rfc822Name subjectAltName name typ e for
representing email addresses as described in <xref target="RFC5321"/>. The synt ax representing email addresses as described in <xref target="RFC5321"/>. The synt ax
of rfc822Name is restricted to a subset of US-ASCII characters and of rfc822Name is restricted to a subset of US-ASCII characters and
thus can't be used to represent internationalized email addresses thus can't be used to represent internationalized email addresses
<xref target="RFC6531"/>. This document defines a new otherName variant to <xref target="RFC6531"/>. This document defines a new otherName variant to
represent internationalized email addresses. In addition this represent internationalized email addresses. In addition, this
document requires all email address domains in X.509 certificates to document requires all email address domains in X.509 certificates to
conform to IDNA2008 <xref target="RFC5890"/>.</t> conform to IDNA2008 <xref target="RFC5890"/>.</t>
<t>This document obsoletes <xref target="RFC8398"/>. The primary motivatio <t>This document obsoletes <xref target="RFC8398"/>. The primary motivatio
n for n of this document is to simplify the encoding of domain labels
publication of this document is to simplify the encoding of domain labels
found in the domain part of internationalized email addresses. In found in the domain part of internationalized email addresses. In
particular, <xref target="RFC8398"/> specifies that domain labels are conditiona lly particular, <xref target="RFC8398"/> specifies that domain labels are conditiona lly
encoded using either A-labels or U-labels. This specification simplifies encoded using either A-labels or U-labels. This specification simplifies
encoding and processing of domain labels by mandating that the A-label encoding and processing of domain labels by mandating that the A-label
representation be used in all cases.</t> representation be used in all cases.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="conventions-and-definitions"> <section anchor="conventions-and-definitions">
<name>Conventions and Definitions</name> <name>Conventions Used in This Document</name>
<t>The key words "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14 >REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL <t>The key words "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14 >REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL
NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>RECO MMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>RECO MMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>",
"<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and "<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to be i nterpreted as "<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and "<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to be i nterpreted as
described in BCP 14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, they described in BCP 14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, they
appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t> appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t>
<?line -18?>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="name-definitions"> <section anchor="name-definitions">
<name>Name Definitions</name> <name>Name Definitions</name>
<t>The GeneralName structure is defined in <xref target="RFC5280"/> and su pports many <t>The GeneralName structure <xref target="RFC5280"/> supports many
different name forms including otherName for extensibility. This different name forms including otherName for extensibility. This
section specifies the SmtpUTF8Mailbox name form of otherName so that section specifies the SmtpUTF8Mailbox name form of otherName so that
internationalized email addresses can appear in the subjectAltName of internationalized email addresses can appear in the subjectAltName of
a certificate, the issuerAltName of a certificate, or anywhere else a certificate, the issuerAltName of a certificate, or anywhere else
that GeneralName is used.</t> that GeneralName is used.</t>
<artwork><![CDATA[ <sourcecode type="ASN.1"><![CDATA[
id-on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-on 9 } id-on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-on 9 }
SmtpUTF8Mailbox ::= UTF8String (SIZE (1..MAX)) SmtpUTF8Mailbox ::= UTF8String (SIZE (1..MAX))
-- SmtpUTF8Mailbox conforms to Mailbox as specified -- SmtpUTF8Mailbox conforms to Mailbox as specified
-- in Section 3.3 of RFC 6531. Additionally, all domain -- in Section 3.3 of RFC 6531. Additionally, all domain
-- labels included in the SmtpUTF8Mailbox value are -- labels included in the SmtpUTF8Mailbox value are
-- encoded as LDH labels. In particular, domain labels
-- are not encoded as U-labels and instead are encoded -- are not encoded as U-labels and instead are encoded
-- using their A-label representation. -- using their A-label representation.
]]></artwork> ]]></sourcecode>
<t>When the subjectAltName (or issuerAltName) extension contains an <t>When the subjectAltName (or issuerAltName) extension contains an
internationalized email address with a non-ASCII Local-part, the internationalized email address with a non-ASCII Local-part, the
address <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be stored in the SmtpUTF8Mailbox name form of otherN ame. address <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be stored in the SmtpUTF8Mailbox name form of otherN ame.
The format of SmtpUTF8Mailbox is a modified version of the The format of SmtpUTF8Mailbox is a modified version of the
internationalized Mailbox that was defined in Section 3.3 of internationalized Mailbox that was defined in
<xref target="RFC6531"/>, which was derived from Mailbox as defined in Section 4 <xref target="RFC6531" sectionFormat="of" section="3.3"/>, which was derived fro
.1.2 m Mailbox as defined in
of <xref target="RFC5321"/>. <xref target="RFC6531"/> defines the following ABN <xref target="RFC5321" sectionFormat="of" section="4.1.2"/>. <xref target="RFC6
F rules for Mailbox 531"/> defines the following ABNF rules for Mailbox
whose parts are modified for internationalization: <tt>Local-part</tt>, whose parts are modified for internationalization: <tt>Local-part</tt>,
<tt>Dot-string</tt>, <tt>Quoted-string</tt>, <tt>QcontentSMTP</tt>, <tt>Domain</ tt>, and <tt>Atom</tt>. <tt>Dot-string</tt>, <tt>Quoted-string</tt>, <tt>QcontentSMTP</tt>, <tt>Domain</ tt>, and <tt>Atom</tt>.
In particular, <tt>Local-part</tt> was updated to also support In particular, <tt>Local-part</tt> was updated to also support
UTF8-non-ascii. UTF8-non-ascii was described by Section 3.1 of UTF8-non-ascii. UTF8-non-ascii was described by
<xref target="RFC6532"/>. Also, domain was extended to support U-labels, as defi <xref target="RFC6532" sectionFormat="of" section="3.1"/>. Also, domain was exte
ned nded to support U-labels, as defined
in <xref target="RFC5890"/>.</t> in <xref target="RFC5890"/>.</t>
<t>This document further refines internationalized Mailbox ABNF rules as <t>This document further refines internationalized Mailbox ABNF rules as
described in <xref target="RFC6531"/> and calls this SmtpUTF8Mailbox. In described in <xref target="RFC6531"/> and calls this SmtpUTF8Mailbox. In
SmtpUTF8Mailbox, labels that include non-ASCII characters <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be SmtpUTF8Mailbox, labels that include non-ASCII characters <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be
stored in A-label (rather than U-label) form <xref target="RFC5890"/>. This stored in A-label (rather than U-label) form <xref target="RFC5890"/>. This
restriction reduces complexity for implementations of the certification restriction reduces complexity for implementations of the certification
path validation algorithm defined in Section 6 of <xref target="RFC5280"/>. In path validation algorithm defined in <xref target="RFC5280" sectionFormat="of" s ection="6"/>. In
SmtpUTF8Mailbox, domain labels that solely use ASCII characters (meaning SmtpUTF8Mailbox, domain labels that solely use ASCII characters (meaning
neither A- nor U-labels) <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> use NR-LDH restrictions as specifi ed by neither A- nor U-labels) <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> use NR-LDH restrictions as specifi ed by
Section 2.3.1 of <xref target="RFC5890"/>. NR-LDH stands for "Non-Reserved Lett ers <xref target="RFC5890" sectionFormat="of" section="2.3.1"/>. NR-LDH stands for "Non-Reserved Letters
Digits Hyphen" and is the set of LDH labels that do not have "--" Digits Hyphen" and is the set of LDH labels that do not have "--"
characters in the third and forth character position, which excludes characters in the third and forth character positions, which excludes
"tagged domain names" such as A-labels. To facilitate octet-for-octet "tagged domain names" such as A-labels. To facilitate octet-for-octet
comparisons of SmtpUTF8Mailbox values, all NR-LDH and A-label labels comparisons of SmtpUTF8Mailbox values, all NR-LDH and A-label labels
which constitute the domain part <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> only be encoded with lower case that constitute the domain part <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> only be encoded with lowerc ase
letters. Consistent with the treatment of rfc822Name in <xref target="RFC5280"/> , letters. Consistent with the treatment of rfc822Name in <xref target="RFC5280"/> ,
SmtpUTF8Mailbox is an envelope <tt>Mailbox</tt> and has no phrase (such as a SmtpUTF8Mailbox is an envelope <tt>Mailbox</tt> and has no phrase (such as a
common name) before it, has no comment (text surrounded in parentheses) common name) before it, has no comment (text surrounded in parentheses)
after it, and is not surrounded by "&lt;" and "&gt;" characters.</t> after it, and is not surrounded by "&lt;" and "&gt;" characters.</t>
<t>Due to name constraint compatibility reasons described in <xref target= "name-constraints"/>, <t>Due to name constraint compatibility reasons described in <xref target= "name-constraints"/>,
SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be used unless the Local- part SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be used unless the Local- part
of the email address contains non-ASCII characters. When the of the email address contains non-ASCII characters. When the
Local-part is ASCII, rfc822Name subjectAltName <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be used inste ad of Local-part is ASCII, rfc822Name subjectAltName <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be used inste ad of
SmtpUTF8Mailbox. This is compatible with legacy software that SmtpUTF8Mailbox. This is compatible with legacy software that
supports only rfc822Name (and not SmtpUTF8Mailbox). The appropriate supports only rfc822Name (and not SmtpUTF8Mailbox). The appropriate
usage of rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox is summarized in Table 1 usage of rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox is summarized in Table 1
below.</t> below.</t>
<t>SmtpUTF8Mailbox is encoded as UTF8String. The UTF8String encoding <t>SmtpUTF8Mailbox is encoded as UTF8String. The UTF8String encoding
<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> contain a Byte-Order-Mark (BOM) <xref target="RFC3629"/> to aid consistency <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> contain a Byte Order Mark (BOM) <xref target="RFC3629"/> to aid consistency
across implementations, particularly for comparison.</t> across implementations, particularly for comparison.</t>
<table anchor="santypes"> <table anchor="santypes">
<name>Email Address Formatting</name> <name>Email Address Formatting</name>
<thead> <thead>
<tr> <tr>
<th align="left">Local-part char</th> <th align="left">Local-part char</th>
<th align="left">subjectAltName</th> <th align="left">subjectAltName</th>
</tr> </tr>
</thead> </thead>
<tbody> <tbody>
skipping to change at line 209 skipping to change at line 192
non-conforming email address domains introduces the possibility of non-conforming email address domains introduces the possibility of
conversion errors between alternate forms. This applies to conversion errors between alternate forms. This applies to
SmtpUTF8Mailbox and rfc822Name in subjectAltName, issuerAltName, and SmtpUTF8Mailbox and rfc822Name in subjectAltName, issuerAltName, and
anywhere else that these are used.</t> anywhere else that these are used.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="name-matching"> <section anchor="name-matching">
<name>Matching of Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 Certificates< /name> <name>Matching of Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 Certificates< /name>
<t>Equivalence comparisons with SmtpUTF8Mailbox consist of <t>Equivalence comparisons with SmtpUTF8Mailbox consist of
a domain part step and a Local-part step. The comparison form for a domain part step and a Local-part step. The comparison form for
Local-parts is always UTF-8. The comparison form for domain parts Local-parts is always UTF-8. The comparison form for domain parts
is always performed with the LDH-label (<xref target="RFC5890"/>) encoding of th is always performed with the LDH label (<xref target="RFC5890"/>) encoding of th
e e
relevant domain labels. The comparison of LDH-labels in domain parts relevant domain labels. The comparison of LDH labels in domain parts
reduces complexity for implementations of the certification path reduces complexity for implementations of the certification path
validation algorithm as defined in Section 6 of <xref target="RFC5280"/> by obvi ating validation algorithm as defined in <xref target="RFC5280" sectionFormat="of" sec tion="6"/> by obviating
the need to convert domain labels to their Unicode representation.</t> the need to convert domain labels to their Unicode representation.</t>
<t>Comparison of two SmtpUTF8Mailboxes is straightforward with no setup <t>Comparison of two SmtpUTF8Mailboxes is straightforward with no setup
work needed. They are considered equivalent if there is an exact work needed. They are considered equivalent if there is an exact
octet-for-octet match.</t> octet-for-octet match.</t>
<t>Comparison of a SmtpUTF8Mailbox and rfc822Name will always fail. <t>Comparison of an SmtpUTF8Mailbox and rfc822Name will always fail.
SmtpUTF8Mailbox values <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> contain a Local-part which includes SmtpUTF8Mailbox values <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> contain a Local-part that includes
one or more non-ASCII characters, while rfc822Names only one or more non-ASCII characters, while rfc822Names only
include ASCII characters (including the Local-part). Thus, a includes ASCII characters (including the Local-part). Thus, an
SmtpUTF8Mailbox and rfc822Name will never match.</t> SmtpUTF8Mailbox and rfc822Name will never match.</t>
<t>Comparison of SmtpUTF8Mailbox values with internationalized email <t>Comparison of SmtpUTF8Mailbox values with internationalized email
addresses from other sources (such as received email messages, user addresses from other sources (such as received email messages, user
input, etc.) requires additional setup steps for domain part and input, etc.) requires additional setup steps for domain part and
Local-part. The initial preparation for the email address to compare Local-part. The initial preparation for the email address to compare
with the SmtpUTF8Mailbox value is to remove any phrases, comments, and with the SmtpUTF8Mailbox value is to remove any phrases, comments, and
"&lt;" or "&gt;" characters.</t> "&lt;" or "&gt;" characters.</t>
<t>For the setup of the domain part, the following conversions <bcp14>SHAL L</bcp14> be <t>For the setup of the domain part, the following conversions <bcp14>SHAL L</bcp14> be
performed:</t> performed:</t>
<ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li> <ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li>
<t>Convert all labels which constitute the domain part that include <t>Convert all labels that constitute the domain part that include
non-ASCII characters to A-labels if not already in that form. </t> non-ASCII characters to A-labels, if not already in that form. </t>
<t> <ol spacing="normal" type="a">
a. Detect all U-labels present within the domain part using <li> <t>
Section 5.1 of <xref target="RFC5891"/>. </t> Detect all U-labels present within the domain part using
<xref target="RFC5891" sectionFormat="of" section="5.1"/>. </t>
</li>
<li>
<t> <t>
b. Transform all detected U-labels (Unicode) to A-labels (ASCII) Transform all detected U-labels (Unicode) to A-labels (ASCII)
as specified in Section 5.5 of <xref target="RFC5891"/>.</t> as specified in <xref target="RFC5891" sectionFormat="of" section="5.5"/>.</t
>
</li></ol>
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
<t>Convert all uppercase letters found within the NR-LDH and A-label <t>Convert all uppercase letters found within the NR-LDH and A-label
labels which constitute the domain part to lowercase letters.</t> labels that constitute the domain part to lowercase letters.</t>
</li> </li>
</ol> </ol>
<t>For the setup of the Local-part, the Local-part <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be verified to <t>For the setup of the Local-part, the Local-part <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be verified to
conform to the requirements of <xref target="RFC6530"/> and <xref target="RFC653 1"/>, including conform to the requirements of <xref target="RFC6530"/> and <xref target="RFC653 1"/>, including
being a string in UTF-8 form. In particular, the Local- being a string in UTF-8 form. In particular, the Local-
part <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be transformed in any way, such as by doing case part <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be transformed in any way, such as by doing case
folding or normalization of any kind. The <tt>Local-part</tt> part of an folding or normalization of any kind. The <tt>Local-part</tt> of an
internationalized email address is already in UTF-8. Once setup is internationalized email address is already in UTF-8. Once setup is
complete, they are again compared octet-for-octet.</t> complete, they are again compared octet for octet.</t>
<t>To summarize non-normatively, the comparison steps, including setup, <t>To summarize non-normatively, the comparison steps, including setup,
are:</t> are:</t>
<ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li> <ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li>
<t>If the domain contains U-labels, transform them to A-labels.</t> <t>If the domain contains U-labels, transform them to A-labels.</t>
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
<t>If any NR-LDH or A-label domain label in the domain part <t>If any NR-LDH or A-label domain label in the domain part
contains uppercase letters, lowercase them.</t> contains uppercase letters, lowercase them.</t>
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
<t>Compare strings octet-for-octet for equivalence.</t> <t>Compare strings octet for octet for equivalence.</t>
</li> </li>
</ol> </ol>
<t>This specification expressly does not define any wildcard characters, <t>This specification expressly does not define any wildcard characters,
and SmtpUTF8Mailbox comparison implementations <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> interpret any and SmtpUTF8Mailbox comparison implementations <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> interpret any
characters as wildcards. Instead, to specify multiple email characters as wildcards. Instead, to specify multiple email
addresses through SmtpUTF8Mailbox, the certificate <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> use multi ple addresses through SmtpUTF8Mailbox, the certificate <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> use multi ple
subjectAltNames or issuerAltNames to explicitly carry any additional subjectAltNames or issuerAltNames to explicitly carry any additional
email addresses.</t> email addresses.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="name-constraints"> <section anchor="name-constraints">
<name>Name Constraints in Path Validation</name> <name>Name Constraints in Path Validation</name>
<t>This section updates Section 4.2.1.10 of <xref target="RFC5280"/> to ex tend <t>This section updates <xref target="RFC5280" sectionFormat="of" section= "4.2.1.10"/> to extend
rfc822Name name constraints to SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltNames. rfc822Name name constraints to SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltNames.
SmtpUTF8Mailbox-aware path validators will apply name constraint SmtpUTF8Mailbox-aware path validators will apply name constraint
comparison to the subject distinguished name and both forms of comparison to the subject distinguished name and both forms of
subject alternative names rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox.</t> subject alternative names, rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox.</t>
<t>Both rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox subject alternative names <t>Both rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox subject alternative names
represent the same underlying email address namespace. Since legacy represent the same underlying email address namespace. Since legacy
CAs constrained to issue certificates for a specific set of domains Certification Authorities (CAs) constrained to issue certificates for a specific
would lack corresponding UTF-8 constraints, <xref target="RFC8399BIS"/> updates, set of domains
would lack corresponding UTF-8 constraints, <xref target="RFC9549"/> updates,
modifies, and extends rfc822Name name constraints defined in modifies, and extends rfc822Name name constraints defined in
<xref target="RFC5280"/> to cover SmtpUTF8Mailbox subject alternative names. Th is <xref target="RFC5280"/> to cover SmtpUTF8Mailbox subject alternative names. Th is
ensures that the introduction of SmtpUTF8Mailbox does not violate ensures that the introduction of SmtpUTF8Mailbox does not violate
existing name constraints. Since it is not valid to include existing name constraints. Since it is not valid to include
non-ASCII UTF-8 characters in the Local-part of rfc822Name name non-ASCII UTF-8 characters in the Local-part of rfc822Name name
constraints, and since name constraints that include a Local-part are constraints, and since name constraints that include a Local-part are
rarely, if at all, used in practice, name constraints updated in rarely, if at all, used in practice, name constraints updated in
<xref target="RFC8399BIS"/> allow the forms that represent all addresses at a ho st or <xref target="RFC9549"/> allow the forms that represent all addresses at a host, or
all mailboxes in a domain and deprecates rfc822Name name constraints all mailboxes in a domain and deprecates rfc822Name name constraints
that represent a particular mailbox. That is, rfc822Name constraints that represent a particular mailbox. That is, rfc822Name constraints
with a Local-part <bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14> be used.</t> with a Local-part <bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14> be used.</t>
<t>Constraint comparison with SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName starts with <t>Constraint comparison with SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName starts with
the setup steps defined by <xref target="name-matching"/>. Setup converts the i nputs of the setup steps defined in <xref target="name-matching"/>. Setup converts the i nputs of
the comparison (which is one of a subject distinguished name, an the comparison (which is one of a subject distinguished name, an
rfc822Name, or an SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName, and one of an rfc822Name, or an SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName, and one of an
rfc822Name name constraint) to constraint comparison form. For both the rfc822Name name constraint) to constraint comparison form. For both the
name constraint and the subject, this will convert all A-labels and name constraint and the subject, this will convert all A-labels and
NR-LDH labels to lowercase. Strip the Local-part and "@" NR-LDH labels to lowercase. Strip the Local-part and "@"
separator from each rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox, leaving just the separator from each rfc822Name and SmtpUTF8Mailbox, which leaves just the
domain part. After setup, this follows the comparison steps defined domain part. After setup, follow the comparison steps defined
in Section 4.2.1.10 of <xref target="RFC5280"/> as follows. If the resulting na in <xref target="RFC5280" sectionFormat="of" section="4.2.1.10"/> as follows. I
me f the resulting name
constraint domain starts with a "." character, then for the name constraint domain starts with a "." character, then for the name
constraint to match, a suffix of the resulting subject alternative constraint to match, a suffix of the resulting subject alternative
name domain <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> match the name constraint (including the leading name domain <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> match the name constraint (including the leading
".") octet-for-octet. If the resulting name constraint domain does ".") octet for octet. If the resulting name constraint domain does
not start with a "." character, then for the name constraint to not start with a "." character, then for the name constraint to
match, the entire resulting subject alternative name domain <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> match, the entire resulting subject alternative name domain <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
match the name constraint octet-for-octet.</t> match the name constraint octet for octet.</t>
<t>Certificate Authorities that wish to issue CA certificates with email <t>Certificate Authorities that wish to issue CA certificates with email
address name constraints <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> use rfc822Name subject alternative address name constraints <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> use rfc822Name subject alternative
names only. These <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be IDNA2008-conformant names with no mapp ings names only. These <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be IDNA2008-conformant names with no mapp ings
and with non-ASCII domains encoded in A-labels only.</t> and with non-ASCII domains encoded in A-labels only.</t>
<t>The name constraint requirement with SmtpUTF8Mailbox subject <t>The name constraint requirement with an SmtpUTF8Mailbox subject
alternative name is illustrated in the non-normative diagram in alternative name is illustrated in the non-normative diagram in
<xref target="nctypes"/>. The first example (1) illustrates a permitted rfc822N ame <xref target="nctypes"/>. The first example (1) illustrates a permitted rfc822N ame
ASCII-only host name name constraint and the corresponding valid ASCII-only host name name constraint and the corresponding valid
rfc822Name subjectAltName and SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName email rfc822Name subjectAltName and SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName email
addresses. The second example (2) illustrates a permitted rfc822Name addresses. The second example (2) illustrates a permitted rfc822Name
host name name constraint with A-label, and the corresponding valid host name name constraint with an A-label, and the corresponding valid
rfc822Name subjectAltName and SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName email rfc822Name subjectAltName and SmtpUTF8Mailbox subjectAltName email
addresses. Note that an email address with ASCII-only Local-part is addresses. Note that an email address with an ASCII-only Local-part is
encoded as rfc822Name despite also having Unicode present in the encoded as rfc822Name despite also having Unicode present in the
domain.</t> domain.</t>
<figure anchor="nctypes"> <figure anchor="nctypes">
<name>Name Constraints with SmtpUTF8Name and rfc822Name</name> <name>Name Constraints with SmtpUTF8Name and rfc822Name</name>
<artwork><![CDATA[ <artwork><![CDATA[
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Root CA Cert | | Root CA Cert |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
v v
skipping to change at line 347 skipping to change at line 334
| rfc822Name: elementary.school.example.com (1) | | rfc822Name: elementary.school.example.com (1) |
| | | |
| rfc822Name: xn--pss25c.example.com (2) | | rfc822Name: xn--pss25c.example.com (2) |
| | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
v v
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Entity Cert (w/explicitly permitted subjects) | | Entity Cert (w/explicitly permitted subjects) |
| SubjectAltName Extension | | SubjectAltName Extension |
| rfc822Name: student@elementary.school.example.com (1) | | rfc822Name: student@elementary.school.example.com (1) |
| SmtpUTF8Mailbox: u+5B66u+751F@elementary.school.example.com | | SmtpUTF8Mailbox: u+5B66u+751F@elementary.school.example.com |
| (1) | | (1) |
| | | |
| rfc822Name: student@xn--pss25c.example.com (2) | | rfc822Name: student@xn--pss25c.example.com (2) |
| SmtpUTF8Mailbox: u+533Bu+751F@xn--pss25c.example.com (2) | | SmtpUTF8Mailbox: u+533Bu+751F@xn--pss25c.example.com (2) |
| | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
</figure> </figure>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="security-considerations"> <section anchor="security-considerations">
<name>Security Considerations</name> <name>Security Considerations</name>
<t>Use of SmtpUTF8Mailbox for certificate subjectAltName (and <t>Use of SmtpUTF8Mailbox for certificate subjectAltName (and
issuerAltName) will incur many of the same security considerations as issuerAltName) will incur many of the same security considerations
in Section 8 in <xref target="RFC5280"/>, but it introduces a new issue by described in <xref target="RFC5280" sectionFormat="of" section="8"/>, but it int
roduces a new issue by
permitting non-ASCII characters in the email address Local-part. permitting non-ASCII characters in the email address Local-part.
This issue, as mentioned in Section 4.4 of <xref target="RFC5890"/> and in Secti This issue, as mentioned in <xref target="RFC5890" sectionFormat="of" section="4
on 4 .4"/> and in <xref target="RFC6532" sectionFormat="of" section="4"/>, is that us
of <xref target="RFC6532"/>, is that use of Unicode introduces the risk of visua e of Unicode introduces the risk of visually
lly
similar and identical characters that can be exploited to deceive the similar and identical characters that can be exploited to deceive the
recipient. The former document references some means to mitigate recipient. The former document references some means to mitigate
against these attacks. See <xref target="WEBER"/> for more background on securi ty against these attacks. See <xref target="WEBER"/> for more background on securi ty
issues with Unicode.</t> issues with Unicode.</t>
<t>Additionally, it is possible to encode a string of Unicode <t>Additionally, it is possible to encode a string of Unicode
user-perceived characters in multiple ways. While various Unicode user-perceived characters in multiple ways. While various Unicode
normalization forms exist, <xref target="RFC6531"/> does not mandate the use of any normalization forms exist, <xref target="RFC6531"/> does not mandate the use of any
such forms for the encoding of the Local-part. Thus, it may be possible such forms for the encoding of the Local-part. Thus, it may be possible
to encode a Local-part value in multiple ways. To mitigate against to encode a Local-part value in multiple ways. To mitigate against
attacks where different encodings are used by the mail system and the attacks where different encodings are used by the mail system and the
Certification Authority issuing certificates containing Certification Authority issues certificates containing
<tt>SmtpUTF8Mailbox</tt> values, this specification requires an octet-for-octet <tt>SmtpUTF8Mailbox</tt> values, this specification requires an octet-for-octet
comparison of the Local-part. However, requiring the use of binary comparison of the Local-part. However, requiring the use of binary
comparison may raise interoperability concerns where the mail system comparison may raise interoperability concerns where the mail system
employs one encoding and the Certification Authority employs another.</t> employs one encoding and the Certification Authority employs another.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="differences-from-rfc-8398"> <section anchor="differences-from-rfc-8398">
<name>Differences from RFC 8398</name> <name>Differences from RFC 8398</name>
<t>This document obsoletes <xref target="RFC8398"/>. There are three major changes <t>This document obsoletes <xref target="RFC8398"/>. There are three major changes
defined in this specification which deviate from <xref target="RFC8398"/>:</t> defined in this specification:</t>
<ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li> <ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li>
<t>In all cases, domain labels in mail addresses <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> be encoded as <t>In all cases, domain labels in mail addresses <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> be encoded as
LDH-labels. In particular, domain names <bcp14>SHALL NOT</bcp14> be encoded usin LDH labels. In particular, domain names <bcp14>SHALL NOT</bcp14> be encoded usin
g g
U-Labels and instead use A-Labels.</t> U-Labels; instead, use A-Labels.</t>
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
<t>To accommodate the first change listed above, the mail address <t>To accommodate the first change listed above, the mail address
matching algorithm defined in Section 5 of <xref target="RFC8398"/> has been mod ified matching algorithm defined in <xref target="RFC8398" sectionFormat="of" section= "5"/> has been modified
to only accept domain labels that are encoded using their A-label to only accept domain labels that are encoded using their A-label
representation.</t> representation.</t>
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
<t>Additionally, the name constraints processing algorithm defined in <t>Additionally, the procedure to process rfc822Name name constraints
Section 6 of <xref target="RFC8398"/> has been modified to only accept domain la as defined
bels in
<xref target="RFC8398" sectionFormat="of" section="6"/> has been modified to onl
y accept domain labels
that are encoded using their A-label representation.</t> that are encoded using their A-label representation.</t>
</li> </li>
</ol> </ol>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="iana-considerations"> <section anchor="iana-considerations">
<name>IANA Considerations</name> <name>IANA Considerations</name>
<t>Update the document reference for the id-mod-lamps-eai-addresses-2016 <t>IANA has updated the reference for the id-mod-lamps-eai-addresses-2016
module in the "SMI Security for PKIX Module Identifier" module in the "SMI Security for PKIX Module Identifier"
(1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0) registry from RFC 8398 to this document.</t> (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0) registry to refer to this document instead of <xref target="RF
<t>Update the document reference for the SmtpUTF8Mailbox otherName in the C8398"/>.</t>
"SMI Security for PKIX Other Name Forms" (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.8) registry <t>IANA has updated the reference for the SmtpUTF8Mailbox otherName in the
from RFC 8398 to this document.</t> "SMI Security for PKIX Other Name Forms" (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.8) registry to refer to
this document instead of <xref target="RFC8398"/>.</t>
</section> </section>
</middle> </middle>
<back> <back>
<references> <references>
<name>References</name> <name>References</name>
<references anchor="sec-normative-references"> <references anchor="sec-normative-references">
<name>Normative References</name> <name>Normative References</name>
<reference anchor="RFC8399BIS" target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/
draft-housley-lamps-rfc8399bis/"> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.95
<front> 49.xml"/>
<title>Internationalization Updates to RFC 5280</title> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.52
<author initials="R." surname="Housley" fullname="Russ Housley"> 80.xml"/>
<organization>Vigil Security, LLC</organization> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.53
</author> 21.xml"/>
<date>n.d.</date> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.65
</front> 31.xml"/>
</reference> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.58
<reference anchor="RFC5280"> 90.xml"/>
<front> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.21
<title>Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Cert 19.xml"/>
ificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile</title> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.81
<author fullname="D. Cooper" initials="D." surname="Cooper"/> 74.xml"/>
<author fullname="S. Santesson" initials="S." surname="Santesson"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.65
<author fullname="S. Farrell" initials="S." surname="Farrell"/> 32.xml"/>
<author fullname="S. Boeyen" initials="S." surname="Boeyen"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.36
<author fullname="R. Housley" initials="R." surname="Housley"/> 29.xml"/>
<author fullname="W. Polk" initials="W." surname="Polk"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.58
<date month="May" year="2008"/> 91.xml"/>
<abstract> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.65
<t>This memo profiles the X.509 v3 certificate and X.509 v2 certif 30.xml"/>
icate revocation list (CRL) for use in the Internet. An overview of this approac <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.83
h and model is provided as an introduction. The X.509 v3 certificate format is d 98.xml"/>
escribed in detail, with additional information regarding the format and semanti
cs of Internet name forms. Standard certificate extensions are described and two
Internet-specific extensions are defined. A set of required certificate extensi
ons is specified. The X.509 v2 CRL format is described in detail along with stan
dard and Internet-specific extensions. An algorithm for X.509 certification path
validation is described. An ASN.1 module and examples are provided in the appen
dices. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5280"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5280"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC5321">
<front>
<title>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</title>
<author fullname="J. Klensin" initials="J." surname="Klensin"/>
<date month="October" year="2008"/>
<abstract>
<t>This document is a specification of the basic protocol for Inte
rnet electronic mail transport. It consolidates, updates, and clarifies several
previous documents, making all or parts of most of them obsolete. It covers the
SMTP extension mechanisms and best practices for the contemporary Internet, but
does not provide details about particular extensions. Although SMTP was designed
as a mail transport and delivery protocol, this specification also contains inf
ormation that is important to its use as a "mail submission" protocol for "split
-UA" (User Agent) mail reading systems and mobile environments. [STANDARDS-TRACK
]</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5321"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5321"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC6531">
<front>
<title>SMTP Extension for Internationalized Email</title>
<author fullname="J. Yao" initials="J." surname="Yao"/>
<author fullname="W. Mao" initials="W." surname="Mao"/>
<date month="February" year="2012"/>
<abstract>
<t>This document specifies an SMTP extension for transport and del
ivery of email messages with internationalized email addresses or header informa
tion. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="6531"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC6531"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC5890">
<front>
<title>Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA): Defin
itions and Document Framework</title>
<author fullname="J. Klensin" initials="J." surname="Klensin"/>
<date month="August" year="2010"/>
<abstract>
<t>This document is one of a collection that, together, describe t
he protocol and usage context for a revision of Internationalized Domain Names f
or Applications (IDNA), superseding the earlier version. It describes the docume
nt collection and provides definitions and other material that are common to the
set. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5890"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5890"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC2119">
<front>
<title>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</tit
le>
<author fullname="S. Bradner" initials="S." surname="Bradner"/>
<date month="March" year="1997"/>
<abstract>
<t>In many standards track documents several words are used to sig
nify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. T
his document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents
. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Co
mmunity, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14"/>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2119"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC2119"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC8174">
<front>
<title>Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words</ti
tle>
<author fullname="B. Leiba" initials="B." surname="Leiba"/>
<date month="May" year="2017"/>
<abstract>
<t>RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protoco
l specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that
only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings.</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14"/>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8174"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8174"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC6532">
<front>
<title>Internationalized Email Headers</title>
<author fullname="A. Yang" initials="A." surname="Yang"/>
<author fullname="S. Steele" initials="S." surname="Steele"/>
<author fullname="N. Freed" initials="N." surname="Freed"/>
<date month="February" year="2012"/>
<abstract>
<t>Internet mail was originally limited to 7-bit ASCII. MIME added
support for the use of 8-bit character sets in body parts, and also defined an
encoded-word construct so other character sets could be used in certain header f
ield values. However, full internationalization of electronic mail requires addi
tional enhancements to allow the use of Unicode, including characters outside th
e ASCII repertoire, in mail addresses as well as direct use of Unicode in header
fields like "From:", "To:", and "Subject:", without requiring the use of comple
x encoded-word constructs. This document specifies an enhancement to the Interne
t Message Format and to MIME that allows use of Unicode in mail addresses and mo
st header field content.</t>
<t>This specification updates Section 6.4 of RFC 2045 to eliminate
the restriction prohibiting the use of non-identity content-transfer- encodings
on subtypes of "message/". [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="6532"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC6532"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC3629">
<front>
<title>UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</title>
<author fullname="F. Yergeau" initials="F." surname="Yergeau"/>
<date month="November" year="2003"/>
<abstract>
<t>ISO/IEC 10646-1 defines a large character set called the Univer
sal Character Set (UCS) which encompasses most of the world's writing systems. T
he originally proposed encodings of the UCS, however, were not compatible with m
any current applications and protocols, and this has led to the development of U
TF-8, the object of this memo. UTF-8 has the characteristic of preserving the fu
ll US-ASCII range, providing compatibility with file systems, parsers and other
software that rely on US-ASCII values but are transparent to other values. This
memo obsoletes and replaces RFC 2279.</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="STD" value="63"/>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="3629"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC3629"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC5891">
<front>
<title>Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protoc
ol</title>
<author fullname="J. Klensin" initials="J." surname="Klensin"/>
<date month="August" year="2010"/>
<abstract>
<t>This document is the revised protocol definition for Internatio
nalized Domain Names (IDNs). The rationale for changes, the relationship to the
older specification, and important terminology are provided in other documents.
This document specifies the protocol mechanism, called Internationalized Domain
Names in Applications (IDNA), for registering and looking up IDNs in a way that
does not require changes to the DNS itself. IDNA is only meant for processing do
main names, not free text. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5891"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5891"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC6530">
<front>
<title>Overview and Framework for Internationalized Email</title>
<author fullname="J. Klensin" initials="J." surname="Klensin"/>
<author fullname="Y. Ko" initials="Y." surname="Ko"/>
<date month="February" year="2012"/>
<abstract>
<t>Full use of electronic mail throughout the world requires that
(subject to other constraints) people be able to use close variations on their o
wn names (written correctly in their own languages and scripts) as mailbox names
in email addresses. This document introduces a series of specifications that de
fine mechanisms and protocol extensions needed to fully support internationalize
d email addresses. These changes include an SMTP extension and extension of emai
l header syntax to accommodate UTF-8 data. The document set also includes discus
sion of key assumptions and issues in deploying fully internationalized email. T
his document is a replacement for RFC 4952; it reflects additional issues identi
fied since that document was published. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="6530"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC6530"/>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC8398">
<front>
<title>Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 Certificates</titl
e>
<author fullname="A. Melnikov" initials="A." role="editor" surname="
Melnikov"/>
<author fullname="W. Chuang" initials="W." role="editor" surname="Ch
uang"/>
<date month="May" year="2018"/>
<abstract>
<t>This document defines a new name form for inclusion in the othe
rName field of an X.509 Subject Alternative Name and Issuer Alternative Name ext
ension that allows a certificate subject to be associated with an internationali
zed email address.</t>
<t>This document updates RFC 5280.</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8398"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8398"/>
</reference>
</references> </references>
<references anchor="sec-informative-references"> <references anchor="sec-informative-references">
<name>Informative References</name> <name>Informative References</name>
<reference anchor="WEBER" target="https://www.lookout.net/files/Chris_We ber_Character%20Transformations%20v1.7_IUC33.pdf"> <reference anchor="WEBER" target="https://www.lookout.net/files/Chris_We ber_Character%20Transformations%20v1.7_IUC33.pdf">
<front> <front>
<title>Attacking Software Globalization</title> <title>Unraveling Unicode: A Bag of Tricks for Bug Hunting</title>
<author initials="C." surname="Weber" fullname="C. Weber"> <author initials="C." surname="Weber" fullname="Chris Weber">
<organization/> <organization/>
</author> </author>
<date year="2010" month="March"/> <date year="2009" month="July"/>
</front>
</reference>
<reference anchor="RFC5912">
<front>
<title>New ASN.1 Modules for the Public Key Infrastructure Using X.5
09 (PKIX)</title>
<author fullname="P. Hoffman" initials="P." surname="Hoffman"/>
<author fullname="J. Schaad" initials="J." surname="Schaad"/>
<date month="June" year="2010"/>
<abstract>
<t>The Public Key Infrastructure using X.509 (PKIX) certificate fo
rmat, and many associated formats, are expressed using ASN.1. The current ASN.1
modules conform to the 1988 version of ASN.1. This document updates those ASN.1
modules to conform to the 2002 version of ASN.1. There are no bits-on-the-wire c
hanges to any of the formats; this is simply a change to the syntax. This docume
nt is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informa
tional purposes.</t>
</abstract>
</front> </front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5912"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5912"/>
</reference> </reference>
<xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.59
12.xml"/>
</references> </references>
</references> </references>
<?line 418?>
<section anchor="asn1-module"> <section anchor="asn1-module">
<name>ASN.1 Module</name> <name>ASN.1 Module</name>
<t>The following ASN.1 module normatively specifies the SmtpUTF8Mailbox <t>The following ASN.1 module normatively specifies the SmtpUTF8Mailbox
structure. This specification uses the ASN.1 definitions from structure. This specification uses the ASN.1 definitions from
<xref target="RFC5912"/> with the 2002 ASN.1 notation used in that document. <xref target="RFC5912"/> with the 2002 ASN.1 notation used in that document.
<xref target="RFC5912"/> updates normative documents using older ASN.1 notation. </t> <xref target="RFC5912"/> updates normative documents using older ASN.1 notation. </t>
<artwork><![CDATA[ <sourcecode type="ASN.1"><![CDATA[
LAMPS-EaiAddresses-2016 LAMPS-EaiAddresses-2016
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-lamps-eai-addresses-2016(92) } id-mod-lamps-eai-addresses-2016(92) }
DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
BEGIN BEGIN
IMPORTS IMPORTS
OTHER-NAME OTHER-NAME
skipping to change at line 649 skipping to change at line 484
on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox OTHER-NAME ::= { on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox OTHER-NAME ::= {
SmtpUTF8Mailbox IDENTIFIED BY id-on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox SmtpUTF8Mailbox IDENTIFIED BY id-on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox
} }
id-on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-on 9 } id-on-SmtpUTF8Mailbox OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-on 9 }
SmtpUTF8Mailbox ::= UTF8String (SIZE (1..MAX)) SmtpUTF8Mailbox ::= UTF8String (SIZE (1..MAX))
-- SmtpUTF8Mailbox conforms to Mailbox as specified -- SmtpUTF8Mailbox conforms to Mailbox as specified
-- in Section 3.3 of RFC 6531. Additionally, all domain -- in Section 3.3 of RFC 6531. Additionally, all domain
-- labels included in the SmtpUTF8Mailbox value are -- labels included in the SmtpUTF8Mailbox value are
-- encoded as LDH Labels. In particular, domain labels
-- are not encoded as U-Labels and instead are encoded -- are not encoded as U-Labels and instead are encoded
-- using their A-label representation. -- using their A-label representation.
END END
]]></artwork> ]]></sourcecode>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="example-of-smtputf8mailbox"> <section anchor="example-of-smtputf8mailbox">
<name>Example of SmtpUTF8Mailbox</name> <name>Example of SmtpUTF8Mailbox</name>
<t>This non-normative example demonstrates using SmtpUTF8Mailbox as an <t>This non-normative example demonstrates using SmtpUTF8Mailbox as an
otherName in GeneralName to encode the email address otherName in GeneralName to encode the email address
"u+533Bu+751F@xn--pss25c.example.com".</t> "u+533Bu+751F@xn--pss25c.example.com".</t>
<t>The hexadecimal DER encoding of the block is:</t> <t>The hexadecimal DER encoding of the block is:</t>
<artwork><![CDATA[ <artwork><![CDATA[
a02b0608 2b060105 05070809 a01f0c1d e58cbbe7 949f4078 6e2d2d70 a02b0608 2b060105 05070809 a01f0c1d e58cbbe7 949f4078 6e2d2d70
73733235 632e6578 616d706c 652e636f 6d 73733235 632e6578 616d706c 652e636f 6d
skipping to change at line 684 skipping to change at line 519
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
<t>The example was encoded using Google's "der-ascii" program and the <t>The example was encoded using Google's "der-ascii" program and the
above text decoding is an output of Peter Gutmann's "dumpasn1" above text decoding is an output of Peter Gutmann's "dumpasn1"
program.</t> program.</t>
</section> </section>
<section numbered="false" anchor="acknowledgments"> <section numbered="false" anchor="acknowledgments">
<name>Acknowledgments</name> <name>Acknowledgments</name>
<t>The authors thank David Benjamin for providing the motivation for this <t>The authors thank David Benjamin for providing the motivation for this
document. Additionally, the authors thank Éric Vyncke, John Levine, document. Additionally, the authors thank Éric Vyncke, John Levine,
Peter van Dijk, Rich Salz, Russ Housley, and Tim Hollebeek for their Peter van Dijk, Rich Salz, Russ Housley, and Tim Hollebeek for their
reviews and feedback which meaningfully improved the document.</t> reviews and feedback, which meaningfully improved the document.</t>
<t>The authors also recognize and appreciate the following individuals for <t>The authors also recognize and appreciate the following individuals for
their contributions to the previous version of this document:</t> their contributions to <xref target="RFC8398"/>:</t>
<blockquote>
<t>Thank you to Magnus Nystrom for motivating this document. Thanks to <t>Thank you to Magnus Nystrom for motivating this document. Thanks to
Russ Housley, Nicolas Lidzborski, Laetitia Baudoin, Ryan Sleevi, Sean Russ Housley, Nicolas Lidzborski, Laetitia Baudoin, Ryan Sleevi, Sean
Leonard, Sean Turner, John Levine, and Patrik Falstrom for their Leonard, Sean Turner, John Levine, and Patrik Falstrom for their
feedback. Also special thanks to John Klensin for his valuable input feedback. Also special thanks to John Klensin for his valuable input
on internationalization, Unicode, and ABNF formatting; to Jim Schaad on internationalization, Unicode, and ABNF formatting; to Jim Schaad
for his help with the ASN.1 example and his helpful feedback; and for his help with the ASN.1 example and his helpful feedback; and
especially to Viktor Dukhovni for helping us with name constraints especially to Viktor Dukhovni for helping us with name constraints
and his many detailed document reviews.</t> and his many detailed document reviews.</t></blockquote>
</section> </section>
</back> </back>
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