NETWORKS(5)

NETWORKS(5) | File Formats Manual | NETWORKS(5)

# NAME

`networks` —
Internet Protocol network name data base

# DESCRIPTION

The `networks` file is used as a local source to translate between Internet Protocol (IP) network addresses and network names (and vice versa). It can be used in conjunction with the DNS, as controlled by nsswitch.conf(5).

While the `networks` file was originally intended to be an exhaustive list of all IP networks that the local host could communicate with, distribution and update of such a list for the world-wide Internet (or, indeed, for any large "enterprise" network) has proven to be prohibitive, so the Domain Name System (DNS) is used instead, except as noted.

For each IP network a single line should be present with the following information:

`name network [alias ...]`

These are:

name
  Official network name
network
  IP network number
alias
  Network alias

Items are separated by any number of blanks and/or tab characters. A “#” indicates the beginning of a comment; characters up to the end of the line are not interpreted by routines which search the file.

Network number may be specified in the conventional dot (“.”) notation using the inet_network(3) routine from the IP address manipulation library, inet(3). Network names may contain “a” through “z”, zero through nine, and dash.

IP network numbers on the Internet are generally assigned to a site by its Internet Service Provider (ISP), who, in turn, get network address space assigned to them by one of the regional Internet Registries (e.g. ARIN, RIPE NCC, APNIC). These registries, in turn, answer to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).

If a site changes its ISP from one to another, it will generally be required to change all its assigned IP addresses as part of the conversion; that is, return the previous network numbers to the previous ISP, and assign addresses to its hosts from IP network address space given by the new ISP. Thus, it is best for a savvy network manager to configure their hosts for easy renumbering, to preserve their ability to easily change their ISP should the need arise.

# FILES

/etc/networks
  The `networks` file resides in /etc.

# SEE ALSO

getnetent(3), nsswitch.conf(5), resolv.conf(5), hostname(7), dhcpcd(8), dhcpd(8), named(8)

Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation, RFC 2317, March 1998.

Address Allocation for Private Internets, RFC 1918, February 1996.

Network 10 Considered Harmful, RFC 1627, July 1994.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy, RFC 1519, September 1993.

DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types, RFC 1101, April 1989.

# HISTORY

The `networks` file format appeared in 4.2BSD.

July 14, 2018 | NetBSD 10.1